Bari mu bincika fa'idodi da rashin amfanin kowane ɗayan waɗannan fitilun anan.
1.Fitillun wuta
Ana kuma kiran fitilun fitulun haske. Yana aiki ta hanyar samar da zafi lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta filament. Mafi girman yanayin zafin filament, hasken yana haskakawa. Ana kiransa fitila mai haskakawa.
Lokacin da fitilar wuta ta haskaka haske, yawan adadin makamashin lantarki yana canzawa zuwa makamashin zafi, kuma kadan ne kawai za a iya canza shi zuwa makamashin haske mai amfani.
Hasken da fitilun fitilu ke haskakawa shine cikakken haske mai launi, amma adadin abun da ke tattare da kowane hasken launi yana ƙaddara ta kayan haske (tungsten) da zafin jiki.
Rayuwar fitilar wuta tana da alaƙa da yanayin zafin filament, saboda mafi girman zafin jiki, mafi sauƙin filament ɗin zai zama ƙasa. Lokacin da wayar ta tungsten ta kasance mai zurfi zuwa ƙananan bakin ciki, yana da sauƙi don ƙonewa bayan an ƙarfafa shi, ta haka yana kawo ƙarshen rayuwar fitilar. Saboda haka, mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki, mafi guntu tsawon rayuwa.
Lalacewar: Daga cikin dukkan na'urorin da suke amfani da wutar lantarki, fitulun da ba su da kyau ba su da inganci. Kadan daga cikin makamashin lantarki da yake amfani da shi ne kawai zai iya juyar da shi zuwa makamashin haske, sauran kuma ya ɓace ta hanyar makamashin zafi. Dangane da lokacin haske, tsawon rayuwar irin waɗannan fitilu yawanci bai wuce sa'o'i 1000 ba.
2. fitulun kyalli
Yadda yake aiki: Bututu mai kyalli shine rufaffen bututun fitar da iskar gas.
Bututu mai kyalli ya dogara da atom ɗin mercury na bututun fitila don sakin hasken ultraviolet ta hanyar fitar da iskar gas. Kimanin kashi 60% na amfani da wutar lantarki ana iya canza shi zuwa hasken UV. Sauran makamashin ana juyar da su zuwa makamashin zafi.
Abun mai kyalli a saman ciki na bututu mai kyalli yana ɗaukar hasken ultraviolet kuma yana fitar da haske mai gani. Abubuwan kyalli daban-daban suna fitar da haske daban-daban.
Gabaɗaya, ingancin jujjuya hasken ultraviolet zuwa haske mai gani yana kusan 40%. Saboda haka, ingancin fitila mai kyalli yana da kusan 60% x 40% = 24%.
Disadvantages: rashin amfaninfitilu masu kyallishi ne tsarin samar da gurbacewar muhalli bayan da aka kawar da su, galibi gurbatar yanayi, ba su dace da muhalli ba. Tare da inganta tsarin, gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu yana raguwa a hankali.
3. fitulun ceton makamashi
fitilu masu ceton makamashi, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙananan fitilu masu kyalli (wanda aka taƙaita a matsayinFarashin CFLa kasashen waje), suna da fa'idodi na ingantaccen haske mai haske (sau 5 na kwararan fitila na yau da kullun), tasirin ceton makamashi a bayyane, da tsawon rai (sau 8 na kwararan fitila). Ƙananan girman da sauƙin amfani. Yana aiki da gaske iri ɗaya da fitilar kyalli.
Hasara: Hasken wutar lantarki na fitilun ceton makamashi shima yana fitowa daga ionization na electrons da iskar mercury. A lokaci guda, fitulun ceton makamashi suna buƙatar ƙara phosphor na duniya da ba kasafai ba. Saboda aikin rediyo na phosphor na duniya da ba kasafai ba, fitulun ceton makamashi kuma za su haifar da ionizing radiation. Idan aka kwatanta da rashin tabbas na electromagnetic radiation, cutar da wuce kima radiation ga jikin mutum ya fi cancanta da hankali.
Bugu da ƙari, saboda ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin aiki na fitilu masu ceton makamashi, mercury a cikin bututun fitila ya daure ya zama babban tushen gurbatawa.
4.LED fitilu
LED (Light Emitting Diode), diode mai fitar da haske, na'ura ce mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wacce ke iya juyar da makamashin lantarki zuwa haske mai gani, wanda zai iya juyar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye zuwa haske. Zuciyar LED ɗin guntu ce ta semiconductor, ɗayan ƙarshen guntu an haɗa shi da bracket, ɗayan ƙarshen shine mummunan electrode, ɗayan ƙarshen kuma an haɗa shi da tabbataccen lantarki na samar da wutar lantarki, ta yadda gabaɗayan guntu ya kasance cikin lullube. ta hanyar resin epoxy.
Semiconductor wafer ya ƙunshi sassa biyu, ɗayan ɓangaren semiconductor na nau'in P ne, wanda ramukan ke mamaye, ɗayan ƙarshen shi ne semiconductor nau'in N, inda electrons suka fi yawa. Amma idan aka haɗa semiconductor guda biyu, an kafa mahadar PN a tsakaninsu. Lokacin da na'urar ke aiki akan wafer ta hanyar waya, za a tura electrons zuwa yankin P, inda electrons da ramukan suka sake haɗuwa, sannan su fitar da makamashi a cikin nau'i na photon, wanda shine ka'idar fitar da hasken LED. Tsawon tsayin haske, wanda kuma shine launi na haske, ana ƙaddara ta kayan da ke samar da haɗin PN.
Hasara: Fitilar LED sun fi sauran kayan aikin hasken wuta tsada.
A taƙaice, fitilun LED suna da fa'idodi da yawa akan sauran fitilun, kuma fitilun LED za su zama fitilun al'ada a nan gaba.