Rayuwar na'urorin lantarki
Yana da wuya a iya nuna ainihin ƙimar rayuwar wani na'ura ta musamman kafin ta gaza, duk da haka, bayan fayyace ƙimar adadin samfuran na'urorin lantarki, ana iya samun yawancin halaye na rayuwa waɗanda ke nuna amincinsa, kamar matsakaicin rayuwa. , amintaccen rayuwa, rayuwa halin rayuwa na tsaka-tsaki, da sauransu.
(1) Matsakaicin rayuwa μ: yana nufin matsakaicin rayuwar adadin samfuran na'urorin lantarki.
(2) Rayuwa mai dogaro T: tana nufin lokacin aiki da aka samu lokacin da amincin R (t) na rukunin samfuran na'urorin lantarki ya faɗi zuwa y.
(3) Rayuwa ta tsakiya: yana nufin rayuwar samfurin lokacin da amincin R (t) zai zama 50%.
(4) Halin rayuwa: yana nufin amincin samfurin R (t) rage zuwa
1 / e hour na rayuwa.
4.2, LED rayuwa
Idan ba ku yi la'akari da gazawar wutar lantarki da tuƙi ba, rayuwar LED tana nunawa a cikin lalacewar haskensa, wato, yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, hasken ya zama duhu da duhu har sai ya ƙare. Yawancin lokaci ana siffanta shi zuwa ruɓe 30% na lokaci azaman rayuwarsa.
4.2.1 Hasken Lalacewa na LED
Yawancin farin LED ana samun su ne daga rawaya phosphor wanda ke haskakawa ta blue LED. Akwai manyan dalilai guda biyuHasken LEDrubewa, daya shine hasken hasken shudin LED din kansa, rubewar hasken blue LED yayi sauri fiye da ja, rawaya, koren LED. Wani kuma shi ne lalacewar hasken phosphor, kuma raguwar phosphor a yanayin zafi yana da matukar tsanani.
Daban-daban iri na LED lalacewar haskensa ya bambanta. Yawancin lokaciLED masana'antunzai iya ba da daidaitaccen lanƙwan ruɓewar haske. Misali, lanƙwan ɓoyayyen haske na Cree a Amurka ana nuna shi a hoto na 1.
Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga adadi, lalacewar hasken LED shine 100
Kuma yanayin junction ta, abin da ake kira junction zafin jiki shine rabin 90
Zazzabi na mahaɗar PN, mafi girman yanayin junction a baya
Akwai rubewar haske, wato, mafi guntuwar rayuwa. Daga hoto na 80
Kamar yadda ake iya gani, idan junction zafin jiki ne 105 digiri, da haske saukad da zuwa 70% na rayuwar kawai dubu goma 70 Junction Tenpeature (C) 105 185 175 55 45
Sa'o'i, akwai sa'o'i 20,000 a digiri 95, da zafin jiki na haɗin gwiwa
Rage zuwa digiri 75, tsammanin rayuwa shine sa'o'i 50,000, 50
Hoto 1. Hasken ruɓan haske na Cree's LELED
Lokacin da aka ƙara yawan zafin jiki daga 115 ° C zuwa 135 ° C, rayuwar ta ragu daga sa'o'i 50,000 zuwa sa'o'i 20,000. Ya kamata a sami lalurar ɓarna na wasu kamfanoni daga masana'anta na asali.
O4.2.2 Maɓalli don tsawaita rayuwa: rage zafin haɗin gwiwa
Makullin don rage yawan zafin jiki na haɗin gwiwa shine samun kyakkyawan yanayin zafi. Za a iya fitar da zafin da LED ya haifar a cikin lokaci.
Yawancin lokaci LED yana waldawa zuwa ga aluminum substrate, kuma aluminum substrate an shigar a kan zafi Exchanger, idan za ka iya kawai auna zafin jiki na zafin jiki harsashi, to dole ne ka san darajar da yawa thermal juriya don lissafin junction. zafin jiki. Ciki har da Rjc (mahadar zuwa gidaje), Rcm (gidaje zuwa ga aluminum substrate, a gaskiya, wanda ya kamata kuma hada da thermal juriya na fim buga version), Rms (aluminum substrate zuwa radiators), Rsa (radiator zuwa iska), wanda muddin akwai rashin daidaiton bayanai zai shafi daidaiton gwajin.
Hoto na 3 yana nuna zane-zane na kowane juriya na thermal daga LED zuwa radiyo, wanda aka haɗa yawancin juriya na thermal, yana sa daidaitonsa ya fi iyakance. Wato, daidaiton ingantattun zafin mahaɗin daga ma'aunin zafin da ake auna zafin zafi ya fi muni.
Yanayin zafin jiki na halayen volt-ampere na O LED
O Mun san cewa LED shine diodes semiconductor, wanda, kamar kowane diodes
Yana da halayen volt-ampere, wanda ke da yanayin yanayin zafi. Halinsa shine lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi, halayen volt-ampere yana motsawa zuwa hagu. Hoto 4 yana nuna halayen zafin jiki na halayen volt-ampere na LED.
Idan aka ɗauka cewa ana ba da LED ɗin tare da ci gaba na lo, ƙarfin lantarki shine V1 lokacin da yanayin junction ɗin shine T1, kuma lokacin da zafin junction ɗin ya ƙaru zuwa T2, duk halayen volt-ampere yana canzawa zuwa hagu, lo na yanzu ba ya canzawa, kuma ƙarfin lantarki ya zama V2. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen wutar lantarki guda biyu ana cire su ta zazzabi don samun ma'aunin zafin jiki, wanda aka bayyana a cikin mvic. Domin talakawa silicon diodes wannan zafin jiki coefficient ne -2 mvic.
Yadda za a auna ma'aunin zafin jiki na LED?
An shigar da LED a cikin mai canza zafi kuma ana amfani da kullun kullun a matsayin wutar lantarki. A lokaci guda kuma, ana zana wayoyi biyu da aka haɗa da LED. Haɗa na'urar wutar lantarki zuwa na'urar fitarwa (masu kyau da mara kyau na LED) kafin wutar lantarki ta kunna, sannan kunna wutar lantarki, yayin da LED ɗin bai yi zafi ba, nan da nan ya karanta karatun voltmeter, wanda yake daidai. zuwa darajar V1, sannan a jira akalla awa 1, don haka ya kai ma'aunin thermal, sannan a sake aunawa, karfin wutar lantarki a bangarorin biyu na LED yana daidai da V2. Rage waɗannan dabi'u biyu don nemo bambanci. Cire shi da 4mV kuma za ku iya samun zazzabi junction. A hakikanin gaskiya LED yawanci suna da yawa sannan kuma suna layi daya, ba komai, sannan bambancin wutar lantarki ya kasance ne da yawan gudunmawar LED guda dayawa, don haka a raba bambancin wutar lantarki da adadin LED don rarraba ta hanyar. 4mV, za ka iya samun junction zafin jiki.
4.3,LED fitiladogaro da rayuwa
Rayuwar LED na iya kaiwa 1000000 hours?
Wannan shi ne kawai mafi girma matakin na LED ka'idar data, an tsallake wasu iyaka yanayi (wato, manufa yanayi) a karkashin bayanai, da kuma LED a hakikanin amfani da yawa dalilai shafi ta rayuwa,
akwai abubuwa guda hudu kamar haka:
1 ,cik
2, kunsan
3, ƙirar haske
4.3.1. Chip
A cikin yanayin masana'antar LED, rayuwar LED za ta shafi gurɓatar sauran ƙazanta da rashin ƙarancin lattice. O4.3.2. Marufi
Ko marufi na LED bayan aiwatarwa yana da ma'ana kuma ɗayan mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar rayuwar fitilun LED. A halin yanzu, manyan kamfanoni na duniya irin su cree, lumilends, nichia da sauran babban matakin marufi na LED suna da kariya ta haƙƙin mallaka, waɗannan kamfanoni bayan aiwatar da buƙatun buƙatun suna da inganci mai inganci, rayuwar LED don haka garanti.
A halin yanzu, yawancin masana'antu suna da ƙarin kwaikwayo na LED bayan fakitin tsari, wanda za'a iya gani daga bayyanar, amma tsarin tsari da ingancin tsari ba su da kyau, wanda ke shafar rayuwar LED sosai;
Zane mai zubar da zafi
Hanyar canja wurin zafi mafi guntu, rage juriya na zafi; Ƙara yankin tafiyar da juna kuma ƙara saurin canja wurin zafi; Ƙididdiga mai ma'ana da ƙirƙira yankin rarraba zafi; Ingantacciyar amfani da tasirin ƙarfin zafi.
4.3.3. Luminaire zane
Ko ƙirar hasken haske yana da ma'ana kuma muhimmin batun da ya shafi rayuwar fitilun LED. Ƙirar fitila mai ma'ana ban da saduwa da sauran alamun fitilar, babban abin da ake bukata shi ne don fitar da zafi da aka haifar lokacin da LED ya haskaka, wato, don amfani da samfurori na asali na LED na Cree da sauran kamfanoni, ana amfani da su a cikin fitilu daban-daban. , Rayuwar LED na iya bambanta da sau da yawa ko ma sau da yawa. Alal misali, akwai tallace-tallace na haɗaɗɗen fitilu masu haske a kasuwa (30W, 50W, 100W), kuma zafi na waɗannan samfurori ba su da santsi. A sakamakon haka, wasu samfurori a cikin haske na watanni 1 zuwa 3 akan gazawar haske fiye da 50%, wasu samfurori suna amfani da kimanin 0.07W na ƙananan bututun wutar lantarki, saboda babu wata hanyar da za ta iya kawar da zafi mai kyau, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa da sauri. , da ma wasu inganta manufofin birane, sakamakon yana sanya wasu ba'a. Waɗannan samfuran suna da ƙarancin abun ciki na fasaha, ƙarancin farashi da ɗan gajeren rayuwa;
4.4.4. Tushen wutan lantarki
Ko wutar lantarki na fitilar ta dace. LED shine na'urar tuƙi na yanzu, idan canjin wutar lantarki yana da girma, ko kuma yawan bugun bugun wutar lantarki ya yi girma, zai shafi rayuwar tushen hasken LED. Rayuwar wutar lantarki da kanta ta dogara ne akan ko tsarin samar da wutar lantarki yana da ma'ana, kuma a ƙarƙashin tsarin ƙirar wutar lantarki mai ma'ana, rayuwar wutar lantarki ta dogara da rayuwar abubuwan da aka gyara.
A halin yanzu, LEDs ana amfani da su a cikin manyan wurare guda uku:
1) Nuni: kamar fitilun nuna alama, fitilu, fitilun faɗakarwa, allon nuni, da sauransu.
Haske: walƙiya, fitilar mai hakar ma'adinai, hasken shugabanci, hasken taimako, da sauransu.
3) radiation aiki: kamar nazarin halittu, phototherapy, haske curing, shuka lighting, da dai sauransu.
Ana nuna mahimman sigogi don auna aikin photoelectric na LED a cikin Table 1.
| Ayyukan Radiation | Ayyukan Nuni Ayyukan Hasken Radiation | rarraba | Radiation mai aiki |
|
| Haske ko haske mai ƙarfi na kayan gani, kusurwar katako da ƙarfin haske | daidaitaccen launi, tsaftar launi da babban madaidaicin raƙuman haske mai haske (ingancin haske mai haske), ingantaccen haske (lm/W), ƙarfin haske na tsakiya, kusurwar katako, rarraba hasken haske, daidaitawar launi, zafin launi, index launi tasiri ikon radiation, ingantaccen haske, Rarraba ƙarfin radiation, tsayin tsaka-tsaki, tsayin tsayin tsayi, bandwidth | halin yanzu, unidirectional rushewar ƙarfin lantarki, juyar da halin yanzu Photo biosafety mai duban ido blue ƙimar haskaka haske, ido kusa da ƙimar haɗarin ultraviolet |
Menene juyi mai haske?
Jimillar adadin fitowar hasken hasken a lokacin raka'a ana kiransa haske mai haske, wanda aka bayyana ta Φ
Raka'a sune lumens (lm)
1w (tsawon tsayi 555 nm) = 683 lumen
Hasken haske na wasu tushen hasken gama gari:
Fitilar Kekuna: 3W 30lm
Farin haske: 75W 900lm
Fitilar Fluorescent “TL”D 58W 5200lm
Halin hasken da ake buƙata ta hasken LED
Ma'auni na asali guda huɗu na haske
Menene haske?
Abinda ya faru mai haske a kan yankin naúrar abin da ya haskaka shine hasken.
E. ln lux ne ya bayyana (lx=lm/m2)
Haske yana zaman kansa daga alkiblar da hasken hasken ke faruwa a saman
Yawancin matakan haske na ciki da waje
Matsayi daban-daban a rana da tsakar rana
Yadda za a auna haske? Da me ake auna su?
1. Haske mai tushe
2. Opaquescreen
3. Photocell
4. Hasken haske (wanda ake nunawa sau ɗaya)
5. Hasken haske (an nuna sau biyu)
Ƙarfin haske: hanyar gano photometer (kamar yadda hoton)
Haske: illuminometer (hoto)
Haske: Mitar haske (hoto)
5.2, zafin launi da ma'anar launi na tushen haske
I. Launi Zazzabi
A daidaitaccen jikin baƙar fata yana zafi (kamar filament na tungsten a cikin fitilar wuta), kuma launin baƙar fata ya fara canzawa a hankali tare da ja duhu - ja - orange - rawaya - fari - blue yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Lokacin da launin hasken da ke fitowa daga hasken haske ya kasance daidai da launi na daidaitaccen baƙar fata a wani yanayin zafi, mukan kira cikakken zafin jiki na baki a lokacin yanayin zafin launi na haske.
An bayyana yanayin zafi K. Launi na asali
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin tebur:
Yanayin zafin launi na hankali:
| Yanayin launi | photochrom | Tasirin yanayi | Tricolor fluorescence |
| Fiye da 5000k | Sanyi fari fari | Jin sanyi | fitilar Mercury |
| 3300-5000k abu | Tsakiyar kusa da hasken halitta | Babu bayyanannen tasirin tunani na gani | Hasken launi na har abada |
| 3300k kasa da | Fari mai dumi tare da furanni orange | Jin dadi | Halogen fitilar fitilar wuta |
Ma'anar launi
Matsayin tushen haske zuwa launin abu da kansa ana kiransa launi rendering, wato, matakin launi mai rai, tushen haske mai launi mai launi ya fi kyau ga launi, launi da muke gani yana kusa da launi na halitta. tushen hasken tare da ƙananan launi ba shi da kyau a cikin haifuwa mai launi, kuma bambancin launi da muke gani yana da girma, wakilta ta hanyar ma'anar launi (Ra).
Kwamitin Haske na Duniya CIE yana saita ma'aunin launi na rana a 100. Ma'anar launi na kowane nau'in hasken haske iri ɗaya ne.
Misali, ma'anar launi na fitilun sodium mai matsa lamba shine Ra = 23, kuma ma'anar launi na fitilun fitilu shine Ra = 60-90. Matsakaicin ma'aunin launi yana kusa da 100, mafi kyawun ma'anar launi shine.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa: tasirin abubuwa masu launi daban-daban:
Ma'anar launi da haskakawa
Fihirisar ma'anar launi na tushen hasken tare da haskakawa yana ƙayyade tsayuwar gani na muhalli. Nazarin ya nuna cewa akwai ma'auni tsakanin haske da ma'anar ma'anar launi: haskaka ofis tare da fitila mai launi mai launi Ra> 90 ya fi haskaka ofishin tare da fitila mai ƙananan launi mai launi (Ra <60) a ciki. sharuddan gamsuwa da kamanninsa.
Ana iya rage darajar digiri da fiye da 25%.
Ya kamata a zaɓi tushen haske tare da mafi kyawun ma'anar ma'anar launi da ingantaccen ingantaccen haske kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma yakamata a yi amfani da hasken da ya dace don samun hangen nesa mai kyau tare da ƙarancin kuzari.
Tasirin bayyanar.
Misali fitilar tebur da za a iya caji ta rikodi
Wannan fitilar mai yankan tana sanye take da fasahar USB Type-C don samar da ƙwarewar caji da sauri. Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun fasalulluka na wannan fitilar ita ce baturin 3600mAh mai ƙarfi, yana tabbatar da haske mai dorewa. Tare da lokacin aiki na sa'o'i 8-16, zaku iya dogara ga wannan fitilar don raka ku cikin dare da rana. Kuma godiya ga maɓallin taɓawa, daidaita haske don dacewa da abin da kuke so yana da sauƙi kamar swipe na yatsa. Abin da ke saita LED ɗin mufitilar tebur mai cajibaya shine aikin hana ruwa IP44. Lokacin caji iskar iska ne, yana ɗaukar awanni 4-6 kawai don cika caji. Yin amfani da dacewa na USB Type-C, zaka iya cajin wannan fitila cikin sauƙi tare da na'urori daban-daban, yana tabbatar da dacewa da amfani maras wahala. Tare da shigarwa na 110-200V da fitarwa na 5V 1A, wannan fitilar tana da inganci kuma abin dogara.
| Sunan samfur: | fitilar teburin cin abinci |
| Abu: | Metal+Aluminium |
| Amfani: | mara igiyar caji |
| Tushen haske: | 3W |
| Sauya: | taɓawa mai rauni |
| Baturi: | 3600MAH (2*1800) |
| Launi: | Baki, Fari |
| Salo: | na zamani |
| Lokacin aiki: | 8-16 hours |
| Mai hana ruwa ruwa: | IP44 |
Siffofin:
Girman fitila: 100*380MM
Baturi: 3600mAh
2700K 3W
IP44
Lokacin caji: 4-6 hours
Lokacin aiki: 8-16 hours
Canja: maɓallin taɓawa
lnput 110-200V da fitarwa 5V 1A
